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Lower limb proportions and locomotor biomechanics in the genus Homo: An experimental study.

机译:Homo属的下肢比例和运动生物力学:一项实验研究。

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摘要

Although it is known that early human body proportions varied dramatically during the Pleistocene, it is not well understood whether or how these changes in body shape influenced the later stages of the evolution of human bipedalism. Changes in gait mechanics related to variation in body proportions could have implications for interpretations of early human fossil morphology and behavior.; Three major questions were addressed in this research: (I) Is variation in lower limb length related to variation in gait temporal variables that might influence locomotor efficiency? (II) Are variation in lower limb length and crural index related to variation in the mechanics of the swing phase of walking in ways that might influence locomotor efficiency? (III) Are long tibiae related to increases in A-P bending moments on the lower limb during the stance phase of walking?; To answer these questions, I used high-speed video, force plates, and motion analysis software to analyze the gait of 27 modern human subjects. Lower limb length, tibia length, and crural index were tested for association with a number of kinetic and kinematic variables.; I found that individuals with longer limbs have longer strides, lower stride frequencies, and smaller limb angular excursion angles, possibly reducing the energetic cost of locomotion. However, my results suggest that cost of locomotion may be increased somewhat in individuals with long limbs, and/or low crural indices, because they do not appear to compensate in any way for the greater moment of inertia of their swinging limbs. Finally, people with longer tibiae incur greater bending moments on the lower limb during the first half of stance phase. During the second half of stance, they moderate bending moments through a complex of compensatory mechanisms.; If these patterns apply to fossil members of the genus Homo , groups with short limbs and low crural indices (e.g. the Neandertals) may have had less efficient locomotion, potentially affecting subsistence strategies. Hominins with long tibiae (e.g. H. ergaster) may have experienced higher bending moments along the limb during walking, possibly resulting in greater structural reinforcement of the lower limb joints and diaphyses.
机译:尽管众所周知,在更新世期间,人体早期比例发生了巨大变化,但人们尚不清楚这些体形变化是否或如何影响了人类两足动物进化的后期阶段。与人体比例变化有关的步态力学变化可能会对早期人类化石形态和行为的解释产生影响。本研究解决了三个主要问题:(I)下肢长度的变化是否与可​​能影响运动效率的步态时间变量的变化有关? (II)下肢长度和关键指数的变化是否与步行摆动阶段的力学变化相关,可能会影响运动效率? (III)在行走的站立阶段,长胫骨与下肢的A-P弯矩增加有关吗?为了回答这些问题,我使用了高速视频,力板和运动分析软件来分析27位现代人类的步态。测试下肢长度,胫骨长度和下肢屈指指数与许多动力学和运动学变量的相关性。我发现肢体较长的人步幅较长,步幅频率较低且肢体角偏移角度较小,可能会降低运动的精力成本。但是,我的结果表明,肢体长和/或关键指标低的人的运动成本可能会有所增加,因为他们似乎无法以任何方式补偿其摆动肢体更大的惯性矩。最后,在站立阶段的前半段,胫骨较长的人在下肢产生较大的弯矩。在站立的后半段,他们通过复杂的补偿机制来缓和弯矩。如果这些模式适用于Homo属的化石成员,则肢体短且关键指数低的群体(例如尼安德特人)的运动效率可能较低,可能会影响生存策略。胫骨较长的人(例如ergaster)可能在步行过程中沿肢体承受较高的弯矩,可能导致下肢关节和骨干的结构增强。

著录项

  • 作者

    Gruss, Laura Tobias.;

  • 作者单位

    Duke University.;

  • 授予单位 Duke University.;
  • 学科 Anthropology Physical.; Biology Anatomy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 176 p.
  • 总页数 176
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 人类学;生物形态学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:42:02

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