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Eschatology in a Secular Age: An Examination of the Use of Eschatology in the Philosophies of Heidegger, Berdyaev and Blumenberg.

机译:世俗时代的末世论:对海德格尔,别尔佳耶夫和布卢门贝格哲学中末世论的运用的检验。

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摘要

The topic of eschatology is generally confined to the field of theology. However, the subject has influenced many other fields, such as politics and history. This dissertation examines the question why eschatology remained a topic of discussion within twentieth century philosophy. Concepts associated with eschatology, such as the end of time and the hope of a utopian age to come, remained largely background assumptions among intellectuals in the modern age. Martin Heidegger, Nicolai Berdyaev, and Hans Blumenberg, however, explicitly addressed the subject in their philosophies. The impetus of this study is Heidegger's statement, "Being itself is inherently eschatological," which indicates the centrality of the subject in his understanding of Being. This statement led to the question whether eschatology played a larger role in Western thought. It also raised the question concerning the relationship between eschatology and other philosophical subjects such as teleology. Because of the multitude of assumptions concerning the meaning of eschatology, Chapter One provides essential working definitions. In order to obtain a sufficient understanding of the topic and address the use of the term among the three philosophers, it was necessary to see how eschatology was understood and acted upon in Western thought. Chapter Two addresses the history of eschatology in the West and concludes that there are two general streams of eschatological thought that explains why it continued to remain a subject for contemporary philosophers. Chapters Three through Five address how eschatology was used by Heidegger, Berdyaev, and Blumenberg respectively. Each utilized the subject in different ways: for Heidegger eschatology constitutes Dasein's existence. Futurity ("forward-directedness") is a condition Dasein as a totality. Dasein is "being-toward-the-end" or "toward -death." Berdyaev combines the eschatological tradition with philosophical achievements and offers an "eschatological metaphysics." He distinguishes eschatology from teleology arguing against teleology, noting that only a "personalist" eschatology can solve the problems of dualism and objectification. Blumenberg differs from Heidegger and Berdyaev by offering a negative evaluation of eschatological belief in the West contending that the modern secular age is the result of a failed eschatology. The conclusion of this work follows Charles Taylor's contention in A Secular Age that "our sense of where we are is crucially defined in part by a story of how we got there." The conclusion is that eschatology, throughout most of Western thought, functioned largely as a background assumption for understanding time and history. The transition from the linear concept of time to a cyclical concept defines in part the modern secular age. The notion of future time is an important and often neglected dimension of hermeneutic understanding. The continued influence of eschatological thought in Western history explains why the philosophers under consideration in this work address eschatology and signals that its influence upon philosophical thought is not likely to diminish in the future.
机译:末世论的话题通常局限于神学领域。但是,该学科影响了许多其他领域,例如政治和历史。本文探讨了为什么末世论仍然是二十世纪哲学中讨论的话题。与末世论相关的概念,例如时间的终结和对乌托邦时代的希望,在很大程度上仍然是现代知识分子的背景假设。但是,马丁·海德格尔,尼古拉·别尔雅耶夫和汉斯·布鲁门伯格在他们的哲学中明确地谈到了这个主题。这项研究的动力来自海德格尔的陈述:“存在本身就是内生的末世论”,这表明主体在他对存在的理解中处于中心地位。这种说法引发了一个问题,即末世论在西方思想中是否扮演了更大的角色。它也提出了关于末世论和其他哲学主题(例如目的论)之间关系的问题。由于有关末世论的含义的众多假设,第一章提供了基本的工作定义。为了对这个话题有足够的理解并解决这三个哲学家对术语的使用,有必要了解西方思想如何理解末世论。第二章论述了西方末世论的历史,并得出结论,存在着两种普遍的末世论思想,它们解释了为何其继续成为当代哲学家的话题。第三章至第五章分别论述了海德格尔,别尔佳耶夫和布卢门贝格如何使用末世论。每个人都以不同的方式利用该主题:因为海德格尔末世论构成了本在的存在。未来性(“前瞻性”)是Dasein整体的条件。 Dasein是“正在-走向-结束”或“ 走向-死亡”。别尔佳耶夫将末世论传统与哲学成就相结合,并提出了“末世论形而上学”。他将末世论与目的论区别于反对目的论的目的论,并指出只有“个人主义”末世才能解决二元论和客观化问题。布鲁门伯格与海德格尔和别尔雅耶夫的不同之处在于对西方的末世论信念提出了负面评价,认为现代世俗时代是末世论失败的结果。这项工作的结论遵循了查尔斯·泰勒(Charles Taylor)在《世俗时代》中的论点,即“我们对自己所处位置的感觉在一定程度上取决于我们如何到达那里的故事”。结论是末世论在整个西方大多数思想中都在很大程度上作为理解时间和历史的背景假设。从时间的线性概念到周期性的概念的转变部分地定义了现代世俗时代。未来时间的概念是诠释学理解的一个重要且经常被忽略的方面。末世论思想在西方历史上的持续影响,解释了为何本研究中的哲学家着眼于末世论,并暗示其未来对哲学思想的影响不太可能减弱。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lup, John R., Jr.;

  • 作者单位

    University of South Florida.;

  • 授予单位 University of South Florida.;
  • 学科 Religion Philosophy of.;Philosophy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 301 p.
  • 总页数 301
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:41:58

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