Inheritance and mapping of plant architecture and fruit yield in melon (Cucumis melo L.).

摘要

The inheritance of plant architecture and fruit yield (hereafter designated yield components) in melon (Cucumis melo L.; 2n = 2x = 24) is poorly understood, and the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for such yield-related characteristics has not been attempted. Therefore, the inheritance of several melon yield components (e.g., primary branch number, fruit number and weight per plant, average fruit weight) was investigated using progeny from a mating between USDA 846-1 (P1; high branching) and "Top-Mark" (P2; low branching). Generation means analyses (P1, P2, F2, BC1P 1, and BC1P2) revealed that additive gene effects were most important in controlling the development of primary branch number and fruit number per plant, dominance and epistatic effects mainly governed the expression of days to anthesis, fruit weight per plant, and average weight per fruit. Variance component analyses (119 F3 families) indicated that primary branch number and fruit number per plant exhibited primarily additive genetic variance, while fruit weight per plant and average fruit weight demonstrated mainly dominance genetic variance. A set of 81 recombinant inbred lines (81 RIL; F6) were used to construct a 181-point genetic map was constructed using 114 RAPD, 35 SSR, and 32 AFLP markers. Fifteen linkage groups spanned 1,032 cM with a mean marker interval of 5.7 cM. A total of 38 QTL were detected in both locations. Sex expression was consistently influenced by a genomic region (exs8.3) that corresponded to the a locus in linkage Group 8. Similarly, QTL analyses revealed four location-independent factors for primary branch number (pb1.1, pb1.2, pb2.3, and pb10.5), three for fruit number per plant (fn1.1, fn1.3, and fn5.6), four for fruit weight per plant (fw1.1, fw5.6, fw6.7, and fw8.8), and two for average weight per fruit (awf1.2 and awf4.3). The results of this study suggest that the introgression of genes resident in highly branched melon types into a U.S. Western Shipping type background may lead to the development of melon cultivars with increased yield and concentrated fruit set. The QTL defined herein are candidates for use in marker-assisted selection programs to aid in the improvement of melon yield.