An Appraisal of the U.S. Navy Marine Mammals and Sound Research and Monitoring Programs.

摘要

he U.S. Navy uses active and passive sonar in its at-sea operations for detecting submarine ships. Active sonar has been implicated as a cause of unusual mass stranding events. Over the last two decades, the U.S. Navy has been the subject of substantial litigation for non-compliance with regulations established to protect marine mammals. Between 2004 and 2011, the Navy invested