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The Mechanism(s) and Management of Dicamba Resistance in Kochia (Kochia scoparia)

机译:地肤(Kochia scoparia)的麦草抗麦草畏的机理和管理

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摘要

Kochia (Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad), one of the most troublesome weeds in the North American Great Plains, including Kansas (KS), has become a significant concern in croplands ever since the evolution and spread of glyphosate resistance in this weed. Dicamba, an important synthetic auxin herbicide, is a useful substitute for managing glyphosate-resistant (GR) broadleaf weeds. As a result of extensive and intensive use, kochia populations have also developed resistance to dicamba. However, the precise mechanism(s) of dicamba resistance in kochia is still unknown. In the first part of this dissertation, the physiological, biochemical and genetic basis of dicamba resistance in dicamba-resistant (DR) kochia from KS was investigated. The results suggest that the mechanism of dicamba resistance in this kochia is not due to decreased absorption, reduced translocation or enhanced detoxification of dicamba. In contrary, reduced translocation of dicamba was found to contribute to the dicamba resistance in DR kochia from Colorado (CO). Further investigation of DR kochia from KS revealed a possible role of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TIR1 (the receptor gene of auxin) in the dicamba resistance evolution. Genetic analyses of data from inheritance studies demonstrated that an incomplete dominant nuclear gene controls the dicamba resistance in kochia from KS. Also, it was found that the genes controlling dicamba resistance in kochia from KS and CO are not linked. Similarly, although, GR and DR traits were found to be controlled by two distinct single dominant genes, they appear to co-exist in many kochia populations from KS. Nonetheless, these two genes were also found not to be linked.;The second part of this dissertation focused on the development of reliable tools for the management of DR and/or GR kochia. The following experiments were conducted under greenhouse and field conditions in KS: a) the effect of temperature stress on the efficacy of dicamba or glyphosate; b) efficacy of dicamba and glyphosate when applied in combination; and c) efficacy of dicamba when used as pre-emergence (PRE) herbicide. The results suggest that the efficacy of both dicamba and glyphosate on kochia can be improved when applied at cooler temperature conditions. Also, it was found that the dicamba and glyphosate tank-mix should not be recommended to manage kochia, especially DR kochia, due to significant antagonistic interaction when applied in combination. On the other hand, application of dicamba as PRE compared to the postemergence application, was found to improve kochia control including DR kochia. Overall, this dissertation provided several novel outcomes both in basic and applied aspects of dicamba resistance in kochia.
机译:自从该草丛中草甘膦抗性的进化和传播以来,高地(Kochia scoparia(L.)Schrad)是北美大平原最麻烦的杂草之一,其中包括堪萨斯(KS),这已成为农田中的重要问题。麦草畏是一种重要的合成植物生长素除草剂,是处理抗草甘膦(GR)阔叶杂草的有用替代品。由于广泛和密集的使用,地肤种群也对麦草畏产生了抗药性。然而,在地肤中麦草畏对麦草畏的确切机制仍然未知。在本文的第一部分,研究了KS对麦草畏(DR)地肤中麦草畏的生理,生化和遗传基础。结果表明,该麦草中对麦草畏的抗性机理不是由于麦草畏的吸收减少,易位减少或解毒作用增强。相反,发现麦草畏的易位降低有助于来自科罗拉多州(CO)的DR地肤对麦草畏的抗性。 KS对DR甲的进一步研究表明,TIR1(生长素的受体基因)中的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)在麦草畏抗性进化中可能起作用。遗传研究数据的遗传分析表明,不完全的显性核基因控制着来自KS的地肤对麦草畏的抗性。另外,还发现控制KS和CO的地肤中麦草畏对麦草畏的基因没有联系。同样,尽管发现GR和DR性状受两个不同的单一显性基因控制,但它们似乎在KS的许多柯基亚种群中共存。然而,这两个基因也没有发现关联。本论文的第二部分着重于开发用于DR和/或GR坐骨神经痛管理的可靠工具。在堪萨斯州的温室和田间条件下进行了以下实验:a)温度胁迫对麦草畏或草甘膦功效的影响; b)麦草畏和草甘膦联合使用时的功效; c)麦草畏用作出苗前(PRE)除草剂的功效。结果表明,在较凉的温度条件下施用时,麦草畏和草甘膦对坐骨神经痛的功效都可以提高。另外,发现麦草畏和草甘膦桶混物不建议用于处理坐骨神经痛,特别是DR坐骨神经痛,因为当联合使用时,它们会产生明显的拮抗作用。另一方面,与出苗后施用相比,发现麦草畏作为PRE的施用可以改善包括DRKochia在内的Kochia控制。总体而言,本论文在地肤对麦草畏的基本和应用方面都提供了一些新颖的成果。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ou, Junjun.;

  • 作者单位

    Kansas State University.;

  • 授予单位 Kansas State University.;
  • 学科 Agronomy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2018
  • 页码 222 p.
  • 总页数 222
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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