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Design, construction, and operation of an apparatus for detecting short-length-scale deviations from Newtonian gravity.

机译:用于检测牛顿重力的短尺度偏差的设备的设计,构造和操作。

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摘要

A variety of recent theories of physics beyond the standard model would, if true, lead to deviations from Newtonian gravity on experimentally accessible length scales. A few of the most important theoretical proposals along these lines are large extra spatial dimensions, string theoretic dilatons and moduli, and scalar particles in hidden supersymmetric sectors. This list is not exhaustive---there are many reasons to investigate the behavior of gravity at small length scales, perhaps the most compelling of which is the fact that it is largely unexplored territory.; To detect or constrain deviations from Newtonian gravity, we have constructed a second-generation cantilever-based probe to directly measure the force between two masses separated by tens of microns. The drive mass in our experiment consists of a metal disc with trenches machined in its face. The trenches are filled with a lighter material and covered with gold so that only the density (and not the conductivity or height) is modulated with the proper periodicity. This mass is rotated by a cryogenic helium gas bearing, producing an AC force on a gold test mass. The test mass sits on a silicon nitride cantilever enclosed in a sealed micromachined cavity maintained at low pressure by an integrated cryopump. The cantilever's displacement is recorded by a focused fiber interferometer and correlated with the rotation of the drive mass. This signal can be averaged over many drive mass rotations and used as a measurement of the force between the drive mass and the test mass. This measured force can be compared to calculations of the predicted force from various Yukawa-type interactions.; This dissertation describes the design and construction of the apparatus, presents the first data from it, and discusses the prospects for increased precision in constraint or detection of non-Newtonian effects using this probe.
机译:如果不采用标准模型,则最新的各种物理理论(如果成立)将导致在实验上可及的长度尺度上与牛顿引力产生偏差。遵循这些思路的一些最重要的理论建议是:较大的额外空间尺寸,弦论理论上的膨胀量和模量以及隐藏的超对称扇区中的标量粒子。该列表并不详尽-出于多种原因研究小长度尺度上的重力行为,也许最引人注目的是它实际上是未开发的领土。为了检测或限制牛顿重力的偏差,我们构造了第二代基于悬臂的探头,以直接测量相隔数十微米的两个质量之间的力。我们实验中的驱动块由一个金属盘组成,该金属盘的表面加工有沟槽。沟槽中填充了较轻的材料,并覆盖了金,因此只有密度(而不是电导率或高度)以适当的周期性进行调制。该质量通过低温氦气轴承旋转,在金测试质量上产生交流力。测试质量位于氮化硅悬臂上,该悬臂封闭在通过集成低温泵保持低压的密封微机械腔中。悬臂的位移由聚焦光纤干涉仪记录,并与驱动质量的旋转相关。该信号可以在许多驱动质量旋转中求平均值,并用作驱动质量和测试质量之间力的度量。可以将该测得的力与通过各种Yukawa型相互作用计算的预测力进行比较。本文介绍了该装置的设计和结构,给出了该装置的第一批数据,并讨论了使用该探头在约束或检测非牛顿效应方面提高精度的前景。

著录项

  • 作者

    Weld, David Minot.;

  • 作者单位

    Stanford University.;

  • 授予单位 Stanford University.;
  • 学科 Physics Theory.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 132 p.
  • 总页数 132
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:40:33

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