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Hydraulic Fracture Interacting with Partially-Cemented and Non-Persistent Natural Fracture

机译:水力压裂与部分固井和非持久自然压裂相互作用

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摘要

Natural fractures (NFs) are commonly encountered in unconventional reservoirs, sometimes strongly impacting the hydraulic fracture (HF) propagation. The HF-NF interaction has been studied extensively as a 2D problem, and almost all studies assume NFs to be continuous with the same properties over the entire NFs. However, it is a nearly ubiquitous feature that NFs in shale reservoirs are of different sizes and fully/partially filled with mineralization, leading to spatial variations in mechanical properties. These heterogeneous features of NFs may lead to distinctive interaction behaviors that can only be understood in a 3D setting.;Inspired by field observations, this research is aimed at studying the influence of NF heterogeneity on HF propagation. It is comprised of three main parts. First, analogue laboratory experiments were carried out to demonstrate the HF-NF interaction with variations of cemented proportion and cementation strength of NFs. Experimental observations prove that the spatial heterogeneity of NFs can significantly influence the HF propagation path. Three main patterns were observed as the size of the cemented region(s) decreases: (1) complete crossing (2) crossing with mismatched crack path (3) no crossing. Furthermore, based on and benchmarked with lab observations, a new 3D analytical criterion was developed from linear elastic fracture mechanics to quantitatively assess the dependence of HF-NF interaction behaviors on NF heterogeneity. Lastly, fully-coupled DEM (distinct element method) lattice simulation was conducted on the 3D growth of HFs crossing partially/fully cemented NFs. The simulation results are consistent with experimental observations and match the analytical criterion well in an extended parametric space of NF properties including twenty sets of simulation cases.;In summary, experimental, analytical and numerical approaches demonstrate the essential consideration of NF heterogeneity when estimating the HF propagation. This work reveals the 3D interaction patterns of HFs crossing partially-cemented and non-persistent NFs, and identifies the role of spatially-varied NF properties in HF-NF interaction. Most importantly, a new analytical criterion is found to give good agreement with both experimental and fully-coupled numerical results. It therefore can be used to embed more realistic criteria in numerical simulators aimed at predicting potentially complex and multi-stranded HF propagation in unconventional reservoirs.
机译:非常规油藏通常会遇到天然裂缝(NFs),有时会严重影响水力裂缝(HF)的传播。 HF-NF相互作用已作为2D问题进行了广泛研究,并且几乎所有研究都假设NF在整个NF上具有相同的特性是连续的。但是,页岩储集层中的核素大小不同,完全/部分充满矿化作用是几乎普遍存在的特征,从而导致机械性能的空间变化。 NF的这些异质性特征可能导致独特的相互作用行为,只有在3D环境中才能理解。受到现场观察的启发,本研究旨在研究NF异质性对HF传播的影响。它由三个主要部分组成。首先,进行了模拟实验室实验,以证明HF-NF的相互作用随NFs胶结比例和胶结强度的变化而变化。实验观察证明,NFs的空间异质性可以显着影响HF的传播路径。随着胶结区尺寸的减小,观察到三个主要模式:(1)完全交叉(2)裂纹路径不匹配的交叉(3)无交叉。此外,基于实验室观察并以实验室观察为基准,从线性弹性断裂力学发展了新的3D分析标准,以定量评估HF-NF相互作用行为对NF异质性的依赖性。最后,对穿过部分/完全胶结的NF的HF的3D生长进行了全耦合DEM(离散元素法)晶格模拟。仿真结果与实验观察结果一致,并且在包括20组仿真案例在内的扩展的NF特性参数空间中,与分析标准非常匹配。传播。这项工作揭示了穿越部分胶结和非持久性NF的HF的3D相互作用模式,并确定了空间可变NF属性在HF-NF相互作用中的作用。最重要的是,发现了一种新的分析标准,可以与实验结果和完全耦合的数值结果很好地吻合。因此,它可以用于在数值模拟器中嵌入更现实的标准,以预测非常规油​​藏中潜在的复杂和多链HF传播。

著录项

  • 作者

    Fu, Wei.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Pittsburgh.;

  • 授予单位 University of Pittsburgh.;
  • 学科 Civil engineering.;Petroleum engineering.;Geophysical engineering.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2018
  • 页码 148 p.
  • 总页数 148
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:40:04

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