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The Alliance City: NATO and Berlin, 1958--1963.

机译:联盟城市:北约和柏林,1958--1963年。

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摘要

Very few places evoke the Cold War quite like Berlin. A city literally divided between East and West, it represented the international divisions from its capture in 1945 until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Starting in 1958, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev put Berlin back in the center of the Cold War by threatening to end the Western presence in the western sectors of the city. Over the next five years, the status of Berlin remained at the heart of the relationship between the superpowers, and the possibility of war, especially the possibility of nuclear war, hung over the events of the period, including the building of the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis.;This project examines the development of the policies of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in response to the perceived Soviet Bloc threat to Berlin from 1958 to 1963 by placing NATO at the center of an examination of the Western response to the Soviet challenge. The tensions between national and collective interests have been an important theme in Cold War history, but the role of NATO within these relationships has not been examined adequately. By placing NATO at the center of my work, this study shows how it became a central pivot around which allied governments approached the Soviet challenge. Doubts about nuclear strategy during the crisis meant that a conventional deterrent was necessary, and NATO provided that conventional deterrent. NATO's forces complemented and enhanced the main American nuclear deterrent, and helped to protect Western interests in Berlin and Germany during the crisis. Without NATO to harmonize Western policy behind the American lead, the Allies would likely not have been able to properly confront the Soviets over Berlin, and the presence in West Berlin could not have been maintained. The loss of credibility from losing West Berlin would have severely damaged Western credibility in the face of the Soviet presence, and the stability of West Germany and Western Europe would have been substantially undermined. Thus, NATO and what it represented were vital to the successful protection of West Berlin, mainly through the prevention of a direct Soviet move on the city.
机译:很少有地方像柏林那样引起冷战。从1945年占领以来到1989年柏林墙倒塌,这座城市实际上是东西方之间的一个城市,代表着国际上的分裂。从1958年开始,苏联总理尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫(Nikita Khrushchev)威胁要把柏林放回冷战的中心在城市的西部地区终结西方的存在。在接下来的五年中,柏林的地位仍然是超级大国之间关系的核心,战争的可能性,尤其是核战争的可能性,一直笼罩着这段时期的事件,包括修建柏林墙和该项目考察了北大西洋公约组织(NATO)政策的发展,以应对1958年至1963年苏联集团对柏林的威胁,并将北约置于西方对策的中心对苏联的挑战。国家利益和集体利益之间的紧张关系一直是冷战历史上的重要主题,但是北约在这些关系中的作用尚未得到充分研究。通过将北约置于我的工作中心,这项研究表明,北约如何成为盟国政府应对苏联挑战的中心枢纽。对危机期间核战略的怀疑意味着必须采取常规威慑措施,而北约则提供了常规威慑措施。北约的部队补充并增强了美国主要的核威慑力量,并在危机期间帮助保护了西方在柏林和德国的利益。如果没有北约在美国的领导下协调西方政策,盟国将可能无法在柏林问题上与苏联妥善对抗,并且无法维持在西柏林的存在。因失去西柏林而丧失信誉,将在面对苏联的面前严重损害西方的信誉,并且将大大削弱西德和西欧的稳定。因此,北约及其代表对成功保护西柏林至关重要,主要是通过防止苏联对西柏林的直接行动。

著录项

  • 作者

    Rice, Mark Jonathan.;

  • 作者单位

    The Ohio State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Ohio State University.;
  • 学科 History European.;Political Science International Relations.;History Modern.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 336 p.
  • 总页数 336
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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