Modeles hydrologiques et hydrauliques pour la gestion en temps differe des reseaux d'assainissement.

摘要

Off-time sewer networks management is useful for the performance evaluation of sewer network operation based on the quantity and quality of sewer overflows. The research report introduces three original hydrologic and hydraulic models. These three models form the frame of a simulation tool for off-time sewer networks management. The first model is the IRH (Improved Rational Hydrograph) method dedicated to runoff simulation. The IRH method is a generalization of the traditional rational method based on the linear system theory. The IRH method has two versions. The first version, named IRH1, describes globally the runoff process over the urban catchment and the runoff process inside the pipe networks. The second version, named IRH2, describes separately the runoff process over the urban catchment and the runoff process inside the pipe networks. The IRH method was validated with the use of 41 rainfalls events monitored in 7 different North American and European urban catchments. A good agreement was achieved between simulated and observed runoff hydrographs. Moreover, runoff hydrographs simulated with the IRH1 method were equivalent to those simulated with the non linear reservoir model but less accurate than those computed with the IRH2 method. The second model is the RQSM (Runoff Quality Simulation Model) model dedicated to the washoff simulation of TSS (total suspended solids). The RQSM model uses rainfall kinetic energy to describe the production process of suspended solids. The transport of suspended solids is described with the linear system theory. The RQSM model was validated with the help of 285 measures of TSS monitored during 22 rainfall events occurred in four different sites. TSS pollutographs computed with the RQSM reasonably agree with measured pollutographs. Moreover, TSS pollutographs derived with the RQSM model were equivalent to TSS pollutographs computed with the exponential washoff model. The third model is a procedure to survey and validate measures on a short side weir. The survey and validation of measures on a short side weir are realised with the combined use of instrumentation and of a discharge equation. The procedure of data survey and validation was validated with the use of 24 trials carried out on an experimental setup equipped with sensors currently used in sewer networks. The procedure has identified and corrected erroneous measures included in the measurement samples.