首页> 外文学位 >Use of a homing pigeon (Columba livia) model to assess the effects of cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides on non-target avian species.
【24h】

Use of a homing pigeon (Columba livia) model to assess the effects of cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides on non-target avian species.

机译:使用归巢鸽(Columba livia)模型评估胆碱酯酶抑制农药对非目标鸟类的影响。

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例

摘要

Cholinesterase inhibiting compounds such as carbamates and organophosphate insecticides have been widely used in agriculture since the ban on organochlorines in the 1970s. Although these compounds are very effective against target insects and other pests, incidental morbidity and mortality on non-target species has also been well documented. Among the most vulnerable non-target species are birds. Despite efforts to minimize non-target exposure to these pesticides, birds continue to be exposed. These studies were designed to investigate the impact of sub-lethal exposures to carbamate or organophosphate pesticides on avian species. In the studies, homing pigeons (Columba livia) were used as surrogate species to assess the differences in the effect of low-level and environmentally relevant doses of aldicarb, a carbamate, and chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate, two of the most widely used pesticides in California and the nation as a whole. Time of flight analyses were performed and results indicated a significant increase in flight times after aldicarb exposure at 0-0.5 mg/kg and a slight effect from chlorpyrifos at 0-5 mg/kg. In a second experiment, the pigeons were utilized for trials on reproductive effects looking at fertility measurements, egg shell thickness, and post-hatch weight measurements. After exposure to either compound egg numbers were minimally affected, but aldicarb dosed birds resulted in fewer healthy offspring and smaller chicks. Exposure to chlorpyrifos increased egg shell thickness, and exposure to aldicarb decreased it. A final study was designed to compare the effects of the compounds on plasma cholinesterase activity over a time course. The results indicated a dose-dependent decrease in activity associated with chlorpyrifos exposure at 0-7.5 mg/kg and a decrease to 10 percent of normal activity after aldicarb exposure at 0-1.0 mg/kg. These studies suggest that low-dose exposure to these chemicals can have population level effects in these birds, and the results validate the homing pigeon as a good subject for comparative studies of cholinesterase inhibitors in birds and the need for further research on repeated low-level exposures on populations of avian species.
机译:自从1970年代禁止有机氯以来,抑制胆碱酯酶的化合物(例如氨基甲酸酯和有机磷酸酯杀虫剂)已广泛用于农业。尽管这些化合物对目标昆虫和其他害虫非常有效,但非目标物种的偶然发病率和死亡率也已得到充分证明。在最脆弱的非目标物种中有鸟类。尽管已努力将这些农药的非靶标接触减至最少,但禽类仍在接触。这些研究旨在调查亚致死性氨基甲酸酯或有机磷酸盐农药对禽类的影响。在研究中,使用归巢鸽(Columba livia)作为替代物种,以评估低剂量和与环境有关剂量的涕灭威,氨基甲酸酯和毒死,(一种有机磷酸酯)的作用差异。加利福尼亚乃至整个国家。进行了飞行时间分析,结果表明,涕灭威暴露于0-0.5 mg / kg后,飞行时间显着增加,而毒死rif的浓度为0-5 mg / kg时有轻微影响。在第二个实验中,将鸽子用于繁殖力的试验,其中包括观察生育力,蛋壳厚度和孵化后体重。接触这两种化合物后,卵的数量受到的影响极小,但涕灭威投喂的家禽减少了健康的后代,减少了雏鸡的数量。毒死rif的暴露会增加卵壳的厚度,而涕灭威的暴露会降低卵壳的厚度。设计了一项最终研究,以比较化合物在一段时间内对血浆胆碱酯酶活性的影响。结果表明,与毒死exposure接触在0-7.5 mg / kg时,与剂量有关的活性降低,而在涕灭威接触0-1.0 mg / kg后,其正常活性降低至10%。这些研究表明,低剂量暴露于这些化学物质可对这些鸟类产生种群水平的影响,并且结果验证了归巢鸽子是鸟类中胆碱酯酶抑制剂比较研究的一个很好的主题,并且需要对重复的低水平进行进一步研究禽类种群的暴露。

著录项

  • 作者

    Moye, John K.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Nevada, Reno.;

  • 授予单位 University of Nevada, Reno.;
  • 学科 Environmental Sciences.;Biology Ecology.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 105 p.
  • 总页数 105
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:39:27

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱:kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备:11010802029741号 ICP备案号:京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有
  • 客服微信

  • 服务号