首页> 外文学位 >Availability, efficiency, and fate of alternative nitrogen sources in seepage irrigated potato production.
【24h】

Availability, efficiency, and fate of alternative nitrogen sources in seepage irrigated potato production.

机译:渗流灌溉马铃薯生产中替代氮源的可用性,效率和结局。

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例

摘要

Vegetable crop production in the Tri-County Agricultural Area (TCAA) consisted of approximately 11330 ha irrigated vegetable cropland predominated by cabbage (2n=18; Brassica oleracea L.) and potato (2n=48; Solanum tuberosum L.) crops. The current nutrient losses associated with agriculture system are due to combined factors such as sandy soils, perched water tables, and unpredictable rainfall. Also, high fertilization rate is a concern for future sustainable development and environmental quality. Best Management Practices (BMPs) have been implemented in the TCAA to help growers apply alternative agricultural practices to remain profitable while reducing the negative impact of environmental quality, especially water quality.;The controlled-release fertilizers (CRF), as one potential component of BMPs, were evaluated for their influence on potato production, tuber quality, and water quality. The research objectives were to: 1) characterize a nutrient release profile of CRFs under laboratory and field conditions; 2) determine the influence of CRF programs on potato production, tuber quality and water quality; 3) compare nutrient use efficiency of several fertilizer programs and; 4) estimate in-row soil nutrient movement of several fertilizer programs for northeast Florida potato production.;This research was divided into three sub-experiments: CRF evaluation under a controlled system, field evaluation of CRF, and a nutrient in-row movement study. Release profiles of several fertilizer sources were evaluated under controlled constant and variable temperature. P-PSCU (polymer sulfur-coated urea, 420 g N kg-1, Purcell Technologies, INC) and H-PCU2 (polymer coated urea, 420 g N kg-1, Haifa Chemical, LTD) were potential fertilizer candidates to synchronize the N demand of potato crop at northeast Florida production. The linear formula (K=AT+B) developed in this study described the relationship directly between release rate (K) and temperature (T), where A and B are constants. The protocols of CRF evaluation developed from this study can successfully determine the fertilizer release profile prior to field application.;The field study evaluated alternative fertilizer program and potato cultivars on tuber production, tuber quality, and ground water quality. The results from CRF field evaluations demonstrated that PSCU (380 g N kg-1, Scotts LLC) and PCU (440 g N kg-1, Agrium INC) led to comparable total and marketable yields as compared to soluble N fertilizers. For 'Atlantic' and 'FL 2053', tuber yields were higher for plants fertilized with PSCU applied before and at planting or a PCU combination with AN sidedress compared to other fertilizer program. For 'Harley Blackwell', tuber yields were similar between different treatments, indicating more flexibility of fertilizer application. Though yields were lower, 'Harley Blackwell' and 'FL 2053' had greater resistance to tuber internal heat necrosis (IHN), a psychological disorder than 'Atlantic'. Plants fertilized with a liquid CRF program (urea formaldehyde) produced significantly lower total and marketable yields due to their slow release characteristics than plants with the AN treatment.;The nutrient in-row movement study demonstrated that plants fertilized with polymer sulfur-coated urea (PSCU, 380 g N kg-1, Scott LLC) or polymer coated urea (PCU, 440 g N kg-1, Agrium INC) produced higher total and marketable yields than plants fertilized with urea formaldehyde (UF) products under leaching events. Leaching water samples collected from plots fertilized with PSCU had the highest NO3-N concentration and loads (24.4 mg L-1 and 12.4 kg ha-1) since N release of PSCU was less temperature sensitive resulting in high N release in the early season. These results would support the use of PCU over PSCU as a CRF. A 5 cm rainfall at early growth (20-25 cm) and full-flower growth stages reduced soil NO3-N concentration below the sufficient range (tuber initiation: greater than 20 mg kg-1; tuber bulking: 15∼20 mg kg-1), resulting in yield losses. This indicated that plants fertilized with CRFs at 196 kg N ha-1 with two potential leaching events during growing season required supplemental N to avoid yield losses during a 100 day growth season.
机译:三县农业区(TCAA)的蔬菜作物产量包括大约11330公顷的灌溉蔬菜作物,其中以白菜(2n = 18;甘蓝)和马铃薯(2n = 48; Solanum tuberosum L.)为主。当前与农业系统有关的养分流失是由于多种因素造成的,例如沙质土壤,栖息的地下水位和不可预测的降雨。同样,高施肥率也是未来可持续发展和环境质量的关注点。 TCAA已实施了最佳管理实践(BMP),以帮助种植者采用替代性农业实践来保持盈利,同时减少环境质量(尤其是水质)的负面影响。控释肥料(CRF)是其中的一项潜在组成部分评估了BMP对马铃薯产量,块茎质量和水质的影响。研究目的是:1)在实验室和田间条件下表征CRF的养分释放特征; 2)确定CRF计划对马铃薯产量,块茎质量和水质的影响; 3)比较几种肥料方案的养分利用效率,以及4)估算佛罗里达州东北部马铃薯生产的几种肥料计划的土壤养分运移。该研究分为三个子实验:受控系统下的CRF评估,CRF的田间评估以及养分的内运研究。在受控的恒定和可变温度下评估了几种肥料来源的释放曲线。 P-PSCU(聚合物硫包膜尿素,420 g N kg-1,Purcell Technologies,INC)和H-PCU2(聚合物尿素包膜,420 g N kg-1,Haifa Chemical,LTD)是潜在的肥料候选者佛罗里达州东北部生产马铃薯的氮需求量。在这项研究中开发的线性公式(K = AT + B)直接描述了释放速率(K)和温度(T)之间的关系,其中A和B为常数。通过这项研究制定的CRF评估协议可以在田间施用之前成功确定肥料释放曲线。田间研究评估了替代肥料方案和马铃薯品种的块茎产量,块茎质量和地下水质量。 CRF田间评估的结果表明,与可溶性氮肥相比,PSCU(380 g N kg-1,Scotts LLC)和PCU(440 g N kg-1,Agrium INC)导致可比的总产量和可销售市场。对于'Atlantic'和'FL 2053',与其他肥料计划相比,种植前和种植时施用PSCU或与AN肥料搭配PCU的施肥植物的块茎产量更高。对于“ Harley Blackwell”,不同处理之间的块茎产量相似,表明施肥更具灵活性。尽管产量较低,但“ Harley Blackwell”和“ FL 2053”对块茎内部热坏死(IHN)的抵抗力强于“ Atlantic”。用液态CRF程序(尿素甲醛)施肥的植物由于其缓释特性而比使用AN处理的植物产生的总产量和可销售的产量要低得多。;养分向内运动研究表明,用聚合物硫包衣的尿素(在淋溶事件下,PSCU 380 g N kg-1,Scott LLC)或涂有聚合物的尿素(PCU,440 g N kg-1,Agrium INC)比使用尿素甲醛(UF)产品施肥的植物产生更高的总产和可销售产量。从PSCU施肥的地块收集的浸出水样品具有最高的NO3-N浓度和最高负荷(24.4 mg L-1和12.4 kg ha-1),因为PSCU的氮释放对温度的敏感性较低,从而导致旺季早期氮的释放较高。这些结果将支持使用PCU而非PSCU作为CRF。在早期生长(20-25厘米)和全花生长阶段5厘米的降雨使土壤NO3-N浓度降低到不足的范围(块茎萌发:大于20 mg kg-1;块茎膨大:15〜20 mg kg- 1),导致产量损失。这表明在生长季期间以196 kg N ha-1的CRF施肥的植物在两次生长过程中可能发生两次浸出,需要补充氮,以避免在100天生长季中损失产量。

著录项

  • 作者

    Chen, Zhiwei.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Florida.;

  • 授予单位 University of Florida.;
  • 学科 Agriculture General.;Engineering Agricultural.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 170 p.
  • 总页数 170
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:36:54

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱:kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备:11010802029741号 ICP备案号:京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有
  • 客服微信

  • 服务号