Investigation of two solid sample introduction techniques for the analysis of biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical samples by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry.

摘要

In this thesis, new approaches to direct trace metals analysis of solid samples by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy were investigated using laser ablation and thermal vaporization systems for solid sample introduction of biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical samples.; Laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to pharmaceutical tablets. Precision of analysis depended on laser parameters and could be improved using signal ratios. The feasibility of using laser ablation-ICP-MS for detecting natural levels of mercury along a single human hair strand was also demonstrated.; As well, the use of an induction-heating electrothermal vaporizer (IH-ETV) coupled to an ICP-MS was successful in determining mercury concentrations in a single human hair strand. Methodologies for multielement analysis of powdered hair were also explored using IH-ETV-ICP-MS. While calibration by reference hair materials showed promise, calibration methods by liquid standards were not suitable for any element. Detection limits achieved for most elements were below natural levels found in human hair.; IH-ETV-ICP-AES was also applied to the analysis of analyze-laden chromatographic powder. This study showed potential problems that may arise due to the methodology taken to analyze such materials. Finally, recommendations for future investigations and methodologies for laser ablation and thermal vaporization are discussed.