主权国家的非传统安全与威胁的关系研究

摘要

As opposed to the past centuries, during which the over-arching security threats nation-states faced were mostly traditional, and state security threats were coming from only state actors, particularly armed forces, in the present centuries, the situation has changed.This days, a number of non-state actors have emerged, bringing onto the scene grave non-traditional state security threats as well.This study, therefore, examined the non-traditional state security relations with threats, practically evidenced from China, Pakistan, and the mass media.Specifically, the study pursued four major objectives.The first was to conceptually delineate and classify non-traditional state security relations with threats, coming from theburgeoning Pakistani terrorism.Another objective included to define, introduce and testify the dependent state security relation, previously non-existent in the theory of security.Next parts of the research were meant to find out, which of the threat response strategies are the most effective in dealing with Pakistan'sindependent non-traditional security threats of terrorism; and to determine if mass media exposure of terrorism fits into the garb of co-dependent non-traditional state security threat.The methodology adopted by this study was qualitative research method of the case study type.In the research three case studies were examined.The first was independent non-traditional state security relation case study of Pakistani terrorism.The second was China's dependent non-traditional state security relation with the threat, coming from Pakistani terrorism; while the third was co-dependent state security threat of terrorism and mass media exposure.Findings of the first case study showed that incidents of terrorist violence significantly reduced over the past years in Pakistan as a result of diligent application of independent non-traditional state security diminution response strategies by government, particularly youth involvement programs, poverty alleviation, reduction in income disparities and literacy programs, among other measures.It was the research results based recommendation of the study that the government should foster its prioritizing non-traditional state security diminution strategies that are based on non-military measures in tackling Pakistani terrorism threats.Results of the second case study revealed that China is facing dependent state security threat from Pakistani terrorism as a consequence of the strong diplomatic and economic ties between the two nation-states of Asia.The study also recommend that elaborate security and threat analysis should first be done from many angles before implementing the most appropriate non-traditional state security threat diminution strategies in order to protect China's dependent economical security in Pakistan and her long-standing relations with the latter.Finally, the results of the third case study showed that terrorism, mankind, mass media, and state security threats, all have global relationship. It was the conclusion of the study that globalization and the Internet have made the world become interconnected and thus co-dependent so much, that terrorism threats and its mass media effects havebecome an international problem to be addressed globally.The recommendation of the study is that at the state level governments should join hands with the media to prevent terrorists from having access to the latter's information channels, while the media on their own should provide adequate professional training to their personnel covering terrorist incidents, maintain constant contacts with the law enforcement agencies, fighting terrorists, and also establish contact with the public in order to expose terrorist activitiesin the least detrimental way for the society.@@Keywords:Dependent state security; state security relation; China; Pakistani terrorism; threat response

目录

声明

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Table of Content

1．1 Introduction

1．2 Statement of the Problem

1．3 Objective of Study

1．4 Specific Research Questions

1．5 Significance of the Study

1．6 Methodology

1．7 Scheme of the Study

2 Chapter Ⅰ Non-Traditional State Security Approach in Schools of Security Studies

2．1 Security Studies

2．2 Non-traditional State Security

2．3 Schools of security studies

2．3．1 Constructivist security concept

2．3．2 Post-colonialist security concept

2．3．3 Human security concept

2．3．4 Critical security concept

2．3．5 Feminist security concept

2．3．6 Copenhagen School

2．3．7 Poststructuralist security concept

2．3．9 Peace-cooperationism concept

2．4 Conclusion

3 chapter Ⅱ Chinese Perspectives on Non-Traditional Security

3．1 Introduction

3．2 Chinese Security Studies

3．3 Chinese Shared Security and Chinese Perspectives on Non-Traditional Security

3．4 Global Security Thinking and“Chinese shared Security”

3．5“Shared Security”and“China’s Conceptual Positioning and Strategy Choice”

3．6 Exploring the Feasibility of“Shared Security”：Co-development and Co-Winning Outcomes

3．7 Peace Cooperationism and Chinese Perspectives on Non-Traditional Security

3．8 Conclusion

4 Chapter Ⅲ NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY THREATS

4．2Traditional vs Non-traditional security threats

4．3 NTS threats genesis

4．3．2 Transnational organized crime networks

4．3．3 Terrorism and insurgency

4．3．5 Civil War and Regime Change

4．3．6 Impact of Environmental Degradation

4．3．7 Demographic Changes and Their Consequences

4．3．8 Cyber-conflict and National Security

4．4 Conclusion

5 Chapter Ⅳ　Non-Traditional State Security Relation with a threat

5．1 Introduction

5．2 On the Theories of Security

5．3 Relation of state security：novel security classification

5．3．1 Independent Non-Traditional State Security

5．3．2 Interdependent Non-Traditonal State Security

5．3．3 Co-dependent Non-Traditional State Security

5．3．4 Dependent Non-Traditonal State Security-Innovation in the Paradigm of Security

5．4 Conclusion

6 Chapter Ⅴ China Dependent Non-Traditional State Security：An Experience of Pakistani Terrorism

6．1 Introduction

6．2 Overview of China-Pakistan cooperation

6．3 History of Pakistan terrorism threat

6．4 Why dependent state security?

6．4．1 Impact of terrorism on Chinese nationals in Pakistan

6．4．2 Impact of Pakistan terrorism on China political security

6．4．3 Impact of Pakistan terrorism on China economical security

6．4．4 Impact of Pakistan terrorism on China regional goals

6．4．5 Impact of Pakistan terrorism on psychological security of China nationals

6．4．6Dependence of China state security on the threat of Pakistan terrorism

6．5 Conclusion

7 Chapter Ⅵ Independent Non-traditonal state security relation：case study of Pakistan terrorism

7．1 Introduction

7．2 History and Background of the threat

7．3 Talibanization in Pakistan

7．4 Terrorism Causes

7．5 Pakistan terrorism causes

7．6 Terrorism affects and costs for Pakistan

7．7 Pakistan Government Efforts to Counter Terrorism

7．7．2 Initial NTS and Ideological Responses

7．8 Conclusion

8 Chapter Ⅶ Terrorism and mass media：uncounted victims

8．1 Introduction

8．2 Terrorism essence

8．3 Mass media power

8．4 Mass media and terrorism correlation

8．5 Uncounted terrorism victims

8．6．1 Theories of media violence effects

8．6．2 Time-bound impactof terrorism media exposure

8．7 Conclusion

8．8 Mass media based solutions

8．9 Co-dependent cooperation propositions

Conclusion

References