摘要
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1 NECESSITY OF THE STUDY
1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY \(FOCUSING ON STUDIES AT HOME AND ABROAD\)
1.3 PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PRESENT STUDY
1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 GENERAL REVIEW ON SLA \(SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION \)
2.2 LANGUAGE TRANSFER
2.2.1 Historical Development of Language Transfer
2.2.2 Definition of Language Transfer
2.2.3 Types of Language Transfer
2.3 CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
2.4 THE STUDY OF INTERLANGUAGE \(IL\)
2.5 ERROR ANALYSIS \(EA\)
2.5.1 Emergence of EA
2.5.2 Procedures Involved in EA
2.5.3 Significance of EA
CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH PROCEDURE
3.1 SUBJECTS
3.2 INSTRUMENTS
3.3 PROCEDURE
3.4 DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS FROM THE STUDY
4.1 RESULTS FROM THE SUBJECTS’WRITINGS
4.2 RESULTS FROM THE QUESTIONNAIRE
4.3 RESULTS FROM THE INTERVIEW
CHAPTER FIVE ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
5.1 NEGATIVE TRANSFER OF NEGATIVE TRANSFER
5.2 SUBSTANCE ERRORS\(NEGATIVE TRANSFER IN SUBSTANCE\)
5.2.1 Errors in Capitalization
5.2.2 Errors in Punctuation
5.3 LEXICAL ERRORS \(NEGATIVE TRANSFER IN LEXIS\)
5.3.1 Errors in Articles
5.3.2 Errors in Pronouns
5.3.3 Errors in Nouns \(Countability of Nouns\)
5.3.4 Errors in Adjectives \(Gradability of Adjectives\)
5.3.5 Errors in Verbs
5.3.6 Errors in Parts of Speech
5.3.7 Errors in Lexical Collocation
5.4 SYNTACTIC ERRORS \(NEGATIVE TRANSFER IN SYNTAX\)
5.4.1 Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement
5.4.2 Errors in Word-Order
5.4.3 Errors in Predicate Verbs
5.4.4 Errors in Tense
5.4.5 Errors in Voice
5.5 NEGATIVE TRANSFER IN DISCOURSE
5.5.1 Errors in Cohesion
5.5.2 Pragmatic errors
5.6 CHINGLISH EXPRESSION
5.6.1 Chinglish at pragmatic level
5.6.2 Chinglish at lexical level
5.6.3 Chinglish at syntactic level
CHAPTER SIX STRATEGIES TO AVOID NEGATIVE TRANSFER
6.1 MAKING CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF CHINESE AND ENGLISH
6.2 BUILDING UP A GOOD KNOWLEDGE OF ENGLISH VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
6.3 INCREASING TARGET LANGUAGE INPUT THROUGH ENGLISH READING
6.4 ENCOURAGING STUDENTS TO THINK IN ENGLISH
6.5 GIVING EFFECTIVE FEEDBACK TO NEGATIVE TRANSFER IN STUDENTS’WRITING
CHAPTER SEVEN CONCLUSION AND LIMITATIONS
7.1 Conclusion
7.2 Limitations
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C 作者在攻读硕士学位期间发表论文的目录