母语负迁移对中国大学生英语写作的影响——以重庆大学二年级非英语专业学生为例

摘要

迁移是外语学习中存在的普遍现象,是由已有的语言知识在目的语的习得和使用中产生的。本研究旨在探讨大学非英语专业学生英语写作与母语迁移之间的关系。本篇论文阐述了语言迁移的历史,对比分析中英文间的不同语言特点,从物质、词汇、句子、语用及中国式的表达方面讨论了汉语对中国学生的英文写作的负迁移的存在和具体表现。论文以重庆大学60名非英语专业的二年级学生为研究对象,根据其平时的英语水平和是否已过全国英语四级这两方面分为两组----基础组和高级组,作者对他们第四学期的期末考试中的作文部分做了细致的分析,并就中、英文写作有何差异以及关于写作过程中母语策略运用状况的问卷调查及面谈的方式,结果发现他们事实上对中英文写作上的差异有着比较模糊的认识,而且在写作过程中,两组中的大多数学生很大程度上都无意或有意地受到母语的影响,尤其是语言生成策略和语言转化策略,负迁移现象存在于语言学习的各个层次上,中国式的英语表达也是不可忽视的现象。但是随着学生的英语掌握和运用能力的提高,语言负迁移现象会相对减少,或者说程度高的那组学生所犯的错误以及学生犯错的比例比程度低的那组学生少。目前尚不可能完全消除负迁移现象,因此作者在以上分析的基础之上,提出了克服负迁移以促进英语学习和教学的对策,旨在师生们从中得到启示,以促进语言的习得和教学。

目录

摘要

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

1.1 NECESSITY OF THE STUDY

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY \(FOCUSING ON STUDIES AT HOME AND ABROAD\)

1.3 PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PRESENT STUDY

1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 GENERAL REVIEW ON SLA \(SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION \)

2.2 LANGUAGE TRANSFER

2.2.1 Historical Development of Language Transfer

2.2.2 Definition of Language Transfer

2.2.3 Types of Language Transfer

2.3 CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS

2.4 THE STUDY OF INTERLANGUAGE \(IL\)

2.5 ERROR ANALYSIS \(EA\)

2.5.1 Emergence of EA

2.5.2 Procedures Involved in EA

2.5.3 Significance of EA

CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH PROCEDURE

3.1 SUBJECTS

3.2 INSTRUMENTS

3.3 PROCEDURE

3.4 DATA ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS FROM THE STUDY

4.1 RESULTS FROM THE SUBJECTS’WRITINGS

4.2 RESULTS FROM THE QUESTIONNAIRE

4.3 RESULTS FROM THE INTERVIEW

CHAPTER FIVE ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

5.1 NEGATIVE TRANSFER OF NEGATIVE TRANSFER

5.2 SUBSTANCE ERRORS\(NEGATIVE TRANSFER IN SUBSTANCE\)

5.2.1 Errors in Capitalization

5.2.2 Errors in Punctuation

5.3 LEXICAL ERRORS \(NEGATIVE TRANSFER IN LEXIS\)

5.3.1 Errors in Articles

5.3.2 Errors in Pronouns

5.3.3 Errors in Nouns \(Countability of Nouns\)

5.3.4 Errors in Adjectives \(Gradability of Adjectives\)

5.3.5 Errors in Verbs

5.3.6 Errors in Parts of Speech

5.3.7 Errors in Lexical Collocation

5.4 SYNTACTIC ERRORS \(NEGATIVE TRANSFER IN SYNTAX\)

5.4.1 Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement

5.4.2 Errors in Word-Order

5.4.3 Errors in Predicate Verbs

5.4.4 Errors in Tense

5.4.5 Errors in Voice

5.5 NEGATIVE TRANSFER IN DISCOURSE

5.5.1 Errors in Cohesion

5.5.2 Pragmatic errors

5.6 CHINGLISH EXPRESSION

5.6.1 Chinglish at pragmatic level

5.6.2 Chinglish at lexical level

5.6.3 Chinglish at syntactic level

CHAPTER SIX STRATEGIES TO AVOID NEGATIVE TRANSFER

6.1 MAKING CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF CHINESE AND ENGLISH

6.2 BUILDING UP A GOOD KNOWLEDGE OF ENGLISH VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

6.3 INCREASING TARGET LANGUAGE INPUT THROUGH ENGLISH READING

6.4 ENCOURAGING STUDENTS TO THINK IN ENGLISH

6.5 GIVING EFFECTIVE FEEDBACK TO NEGATIVE TRANSFER IN STUDENTS’WRITING

CHAPTER SEVEN CONCLUSION AND LIMITATIONS

7.1 Conclusion

7.2 Limitations

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

APPENDIX C 作者在攻读硕士学位期间发表论文的目录