首页> 外文会议>Symposium on Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology VI, Nov 26-30, 2001, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. >BATCH MATERIAL PROCESSING AND GLASSMAKING TECHNOLOGY OF 9TH CENTURY B.C. ARTIFACTS EXCAVATED FROM THE SITE OF HASANLU, NORTHWEST IRAN
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BATCH MATERIAL PROCESSING AND GLASSMAKING TECHNOLOGY OF 9TH CENTURY B.C. ARTIFACTS EXCAVATED FROM THE SITE OF HASANLU, NORTHWEST IRAN

机译:公元前9世纪的批量材料加工和制釉技术伊朗西北哈桑卢遗址出土的文物

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The site of Hasanlu is located southwest of Lake Urmia (Lake Rezaiyeh) in the province of Western Azerbaijan, northwest Iran. Excavations carried out by Dr. R. H. Dyson, Jr. of the University of Pennsylvania from 1957 to 1977 of the Iron Age levels at Hasanlu yielded a large number of glass beads, as well as glass vessels, and glass furniture inlays or wall fittings. Sampling of many of these pieces was limited to weathered areas, requiring the use of a micro-analytical technique to characterize the glass. Electron microprobe and wavelength dispersive analysis were used to characterize the chemical compositions of the glasses of Hasanlu. The glasses are soda-lime-silica in composition, containing about 17-21 wt% soda and 2-8 wt% lime. Of 51 glasses analyzed to date, 47 contain about 1-6 wt% of magnesia and 1-4 wt% potash, indicative of a plant ash source of alkali. Four glasses contain less than 1 wt% each of magnesia and potash, suggesting that these may have been made with a mineral alkali source like natron. At least 35 glasses contain inclusions of partly reacted batch materials. In blue transparent to translucent, black translucent, and yellow opaque glasses, large, 0.2 mm diameter, droplets of alkali sulfates exhibit features that indicate they were an immiscible liquid coexisting with a surrounding silicate liquid. These sulfate droplets, which appear to be relatively common in the glasses found at Hasanlu, are probably the scum or "gall" that can form during melting of poorly prepared plant ash. Remnants of original raw colorants occur in a few glasses. Many of the black glasses contain polymetallic sulfides of different combinations of lead, copper, antimony, and iron. These inclusions and the glass chemistry are used to interpret the origin and processing of the batch materials, and the conditions under which the materials were melted.
机译:Hasanlu的遗址位于伊朗西北部阿塞拜疆西部省的Urmia湖(Rezaiyeh湖)西南。 1957年至1977年,宾夕法尼亚大学R. H. Dyson,Jr.博士在哈桑鲁(Hasanlu)进行的铁器时代的挖掘工作产生了许多玻璃珠,玻璃器皿以及玻璃家具嵌体或墙壁配件。其中许多样品的采样仅限于风化区域,因此需要使用微分析技术来表征玻璃。电子探针和波长色散分析用于表征哈桑路玻璃的化学组成。所述玻璃为钠钙硅石组成,包含约17-21重量%的苏打和2-8重量%的石灰。迄今为止,在分析的51杯玻璃中,有47杯含有约1-6 wt%的氧化镁和1-4 wt%的钾盐,表明植物灰碱的来源。四杯玻璃中镁和钾的含量均不足1 wt%,这表明它们可能是用矿物碱源(如Natron)制成的。至少35杯含有部分反应的批料的夹杂物。在直径为0.2毫米的蓝色透明至半透明,黑色半透明和黄色不透明玻璃中,碱金属硫酸盐的液滴呈现出一些特征,表明它们是与周围的硅酸盐液体共存的不溶混液体。这些硫酸盐滴似乎是在Hasanlu的玻璃杯中相对常见的,可能是在准备不充分的植物灰分熔化过程中形成的浮渣或“小球”。几杯中会残留原始的原始着色剂。许多黑色玻璃包含铅,铜,锑和铁的不同组合的多金属硫化物。这些夹杂物和玻璃化学成分可用于解释批料的来源和加工过程,以及物料熔化的条件。

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