Industrial Landfill Sources of Air, Water and Land pollution in India

摘要

Landfill source at mining site in Orissa's Jajpur district in India is one of the highest water pollution , in particular with chromium heavy metal. The chromite mining has resulted in landfills which are the sources air, water and land pollution. Industrial landfills are sources of air , water and land pollution in many industrial cities and towns of India due to the generation of large quantity of industrial dumps from mining , metallurgical, chemical , mechanical, mineral , other engineering and technological processes. Million tones of total mass of residues such as pyrite, ferric , chromium, lead, zinc, cadmium, and other associated metals arsenic, antimony, mercury and silver are dumped in landfills. The heavy metal content in air , water and land which surround industrial landfill towns cause many environmental impacts and economic losses. Cities like Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata , Mumbai and Bangalore etc. are surrounded with industrial wastes. Further air pollution occur from windblown dusts as well as wind erosion of fine particulates from uncovered industrial landfills. Atmospheric transport leads to serious heavy metal pollution of a waste area. Soils within a least radius of distance from the stacks are heavily polluted mostly from highly toxic elements such as iron, chromium , lead and cadmium in an investigated site. Many case studies were performed with respect to environmental health impacts of polluted landfill sites . Few sites are namely, Chromite mining at Orissa Jndia , Union Carbide site at Bhopal , India, and Ambattur industrial landfill site at Chennai . In this context are explored the features of air pollution case suspended particles , water pollution case of toxic heavy metals and land pollution case of toxic heavy metals. Monitoring of air, water and soil is conducted in different parts of the town , respectively in rural, urban and industrial zones. From the values obtained based on chemical analysis of dust, water and soil , it follows that the presence of suspended particulates containing heavy metals exceed permitted values. In certain places even ten times than the allowed values. While the source of pollution is known , the amount of pollutants reaches in to millions of tones , it is urged to prepare s strategic plan for rehabilitation and elimination of these landfills.