As the fossil fuel is continuously declining, the necessity of a sustainable and clean source of energy is increasing. Hydrogen has been considered as a potential alternative due to its "zero emission" when reacting with oxygen in electrochemical cells. In addition, hydrogen is also a promising energy carrier/storage to compensate the intermittent nature of other renewable energy sources (e.g. sunlight, wind, and tides). However, majority of hydrogen production comes from the combustion of fossil fuel which doesn't make hydrogen a practical sustainable energy. Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water electrolysis therefore has drawn considerable attention owing to water and oxygen as the "green" reactant and by-product respectively.
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