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Water Conservation Zones in Agricultural Catchments for Biomass Production, Food Security and Environmental Protection

机译:生物量生产,粮食安全和环保农业集水区的水资源区

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This paper reports the preliminary results obtained from an FAO/IAEA coordinated research project (CRP) involving eight countries. Results obtained are discussed with respect to sources and sinks of water and nutrients in water conservation zones thathelp farmers to use water when it is required. Three types of water conservation zones, namely farm ponds, wetlands and riparian buffer zones were studied using Stable isotopes of oxygen-18 (6180) and hydrogen-2 (62H) to trace the movement of water, andnitrogen-15 (15N) to trace nitrogen (N) and determine N use efficiency. Preliminary results showed that 6180 and 62H effectively identified sources of water in water conservation zones and the interactions between water conservation zones and water fromthe catchment. Approximately 90 percent of water in water conservation zones was provided by runoff from the catchment while the remainder came from sub-surface flows and/or direct rainfall inputs. Water balance estimations showed that these water conservation zones with a surface area of less than three percent of the catchment area were able to capture more than 90 percent of water generated as runoff. Besides water retention, one water conservation zone in Estonia trapped N in the runoff water (up to 60percent) effectively and converted nitrate into N2 gas (170 to 350 kp/ha/yr) through denitrification, thus potentially reducing nitrate inputs into downstream receiving waters. The nitrate and ammonium trapped in water conservation zones could also be used to provide N for crops through irrigation.
机译:本文报道从FAO / IAEA协调研究项目(CRP),涉及八个国家所获得的初步结果。所获得的结果是相对于源和水水槽和养分在水中养护区thathelp农民讨论在需要时使用水。使用氧-18(6180)和氢-2(62H)的稳定同位素跟踪水的运动进行了研究三种类型的节水区,即农场池塘,湿地和河岸缓冲区,和氮-15(15N)至跟踪氮(N)和确定N个使用效率。初步结果显示,在节约用水区的水是6180种62H有效地识别源和水源保护区和水fromthe流域之间的相互作用。在节约用水区的水大约90%是由径流从集水而其余从分型面流和/或直接输入降雨来提供。水平衡的估计表明,随着集水面积小于3%的表面区域,这些水源保护区能够捕捉到超过90%的径流产生的水。除了水潴留,在爱沙尼亚一个节水围陷N的径流水(高达60percent)有效和转换后的硝酸盐成N 2气体(170〜350 KP /公顷/年)通过反硝化,从而潜在地减少硝酸投入下游侧接收水域。被困在节约用水区中的硝酸盐和铵也可用于为通过灌溉农作物提供N个。

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