Analysis on Locke's Thought of Rule of Law

摘要

John Locke is an important philosopher who built the modern Western philosophical system and the founder of Western modern liberalism. His theory of political philosophy has not only played a pivotal role in the history of Western political thought, but also has profound impact on the current political civilization and political practice. In order to oppose the theory of monarchical authority, Locke proposed his social contract theory. In this theory, Locke believes that before entering the political society, human beings are in a natural state of equality and freedom for all, and enjoy three natural rights: the right to life, liberty and property. Along with inequality and the emergence of money, human society has two levels of differentiation, conflicts and contradictions have intensified. It is necessary to establish national government to protect people's natural rights and maintain social harmony and tranquility. In order to prevent people's property rights from being infringed by the autocratic monarchy, Locke advocates the establishment of a constitutional government under the "the law of King" and the separation of powers, and advocates that people have the right to resist the revolution of tyranny.