首页> 外文会议>International Peat Congress >TOWARDS ATTAINING HIGH YIELDS AND LONG TERM SUSTAINABILITY OF SECOND GENERATION OIL PALM REPLANTS ON PEAT IN NORTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA - THE ASIAN AGRI EXPERIENCE
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TOWARDS ATTAINING HIGH YIELDS AND LONG TERM SUSTAINABILITY OF SECOND GENERATION OIL PALM REPLANTS ON PEAT IN NORTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA - THE ASIAN AGRI EXPERIENCE

机译:在印度尼西亚北部苏马特省泥炭上获得高产和长期可持续性的第二代油棕作品 - 亚洲农业经验

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Asian Agri's planting of Gen-1 oil palms on peat commenced in 1991. Due to lack of experience with peat, inadequate drainage and zero soil compaction, initial FFB yields were poor peaking at 24 mt/ha, 11 years after planting. Thereafter, FFB yields started to decline and by 18 years, average yield was less than 15 mt/ha. This rapid deterioration in yield was attributed to a significant loss in palm stand due to Ganoderma infection and toppling over of palms due to peat subsidence. In view of uneconomical yields, early replanting with superior Gen-2 DxP progenies commenced in 2006. Right from the start, proper land preparation protocol and BMP's for peat were adopted to ensure that history would not repeat itself. Peat compaction was undertaken to minimise future palm leaning and toppling. Greater emphasis and importance was placed on drainage and water management in order to ensure retention of optimum water levels (40-60 cm) throughout the year and minimise peat subsidence. As Ganoderma infection was the pre-dominant factor in reducing palm stand in the Gen-1 plantings, a four stage IPM system was introduced to minimise infection risk in the Gen-2 replants. This included intensive land preparation with a certification scheme, planting varieties with a higher disease tolerance, protection with an effective bio-agent and early detection and removal of newly infected palms. IPM was also used for managing other potential pests with emphasis on establishment of an Early Warning System combined with cultural and biological control methods to limit use of chemical pesticides. As nutrition plays a critical role in achieving high sustainable yields, a network of fertilizer trials were also laid down to re-determine the macro and micro nutrient requirements of the Gen-2 progenies on well decomposed peat. Early yields of the Gen-2 replants have been very promising and were 47% higher than Gen-1 plantings over the first 6 years of evaluation. In the earliest 2006 replant, FFB yields of 27 mt/ha have been achieved within 8 years after planting.
机译:亚洲阿格里在泥炭上的Gen-1油棕榈树种植于1991年开始。由于缺乏泥炭的经验,引流不足和零土壤压实,初始FFB产量在24吨/公顷的24吨/公顷较低,种植后11年。此后,FFB产量开始下降,18岁,平均产率小于15毫升/公顷。由于Ganoderma感染和由于泥炭沉降,由于Ganoderma感染和俯冲的棕榈阶段,这种情况的这种快速劣化归因于棕榈支架的显着损失。鉴于不经济的收益率,早期与高级Gen-2 DXP后代的重新植入于2006年开始。从一开始,采用适当的土地准备议定书和BMP进行泥炭,以确保历史不会重复。采用泥炭压实,以尽量减少未来的掌握和倒塌。排水和水管理中更加强调和重要性,以确保全年保留最佳水平(40-60厘米),并尽量减少泥炭沉降。由于灵芝感染是在Gen-1种植中减少棕榈座的前显性因素,引入了四阶段IPM系统,以最大限度地减少Gen-2 Replant中的感染风险。这包括密集的土地准备,具有认证方案,种植品种具有较高的疾病耐受性,保护具有有效的生物剂和早期检测和去除新感染的棕榈药。 IPM还用于管理其他潜在的害虫,重点是建立一个预警系统,结合文化和生物控制方法来限制化学杀虫剂的使用。由于营养在实现高可持续产量方面发挥着关键作用,因此还奠定了一种肥料试验网络,以重新确定良好分解的泥炭上的Gen-2后的宏观和微量营养要求。 Gen-2 Reportant的早期产量非常有前景,比在评估的前6年内比Gen-1种植增长47%。在最早的2006年重新植物中,在种植后的8年内,在植物后8年内实现了27吨/公顷的FFB产量。

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