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TEMPERATURE MODELING IN A DEEP WATER RESERVOIR

机译:深水水库温度造型

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One environmental concern of hydropower utilities is the high water temperatures downstream of a reservoir, which can affect the metabolic rate and survival of migrating fish. This paper presents the development of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model capable of simulating the hydrodynamics and temperature dynamics in Brownlee Reservoir. The purpose of the model is to assist in the understanding of conditions that could lead to high temperatures downstream of the dam and evaluate possible mitigation measures. The numerical modeling of the thermal dynamics in Brownlee Reservoir poses significant challenges due to the strong buoyancy force observed in a deep reservoir with large temperature gradients. These gradients affect momentum, turbulence, and the resulting temperature distribution of the reservoir. In this study, an unsteady three dimensional non hydrostatic model is used. The model is based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations, using a Boussinesq approach. A realizable k-εmodel is used for turbulence closure. The model takes into account the solar radiation and heat convection at the free surface. The model was validated against field data collected in 1999 and 2002. Two reservoir conditions were simulated to bracket the range of historical conditions observed in Brownlee Reservoir. Fourteen days during the salmonid spawning period were simulated. The effectiveness of a hypolimnetic pump system (HPS) to draw and transport cold water from the deepest region of the reservoir to the intake channel was numerically studied. According to the model, the system can draw cold water without disturbing the thermocline reducing downstream temperatures significantly during low flow conditions. At high flows, the system is less efficient; however, it was still able to decrease the temperature for the majority of the time period.
机译:水电公司的一个环境问题是水库下游的高水温,这会影响迁移鱼的代谢率和生存。本文介绍了一种能够模拟棕色水库中流体动力学和温度动态的计算流体动力学(CFD)模型的发展。该模型的目的是协助了解可能导致大坝下游的高温并评估可能的缓解措施的条件。褐色水库热动力学的数值模型由于具有大温度梯度的深层储层中观察到的强烈浮力而产生了重大挑战。这些梯度影响储层的动力,湍流和所得温度分布。在这项研究中,使用不稳定的三维非静流量模型。使用BoussinesQ方法,该模型基于Reynolds平均的Navier Stokes方程。可实现的K-εmodel用于湍流封闭。该模型考虑了自由表面的太阳辐射和热对流。该模型是针对1999年和2002年收集的现场数据验证的。模拟了两个储层条件,以支架在棕褐色储层中观察到的历史条件范围。模拟鲑鱼产卵期的十四天。在数值研究了低床泵系统(HPS)从储存器的最深区域绘制和运输冷水的效果。根据该模型,系统可以在低流量条件下吸收冷水而不会干扰热控在低流动条件下显着降低下游温度。在高流动时,系统效率较低;但是,它仍然能够降低大多数时间段的温度。

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