The open source code YADE, which is based on the so-called soft-particle approach, was used to run numerical triaxial tests on an assembly of spheres replicating the particle size distribution (PSD) of a typical seabed sand in the North Sea, i.e. Leighton Buzzard (see section 2.2). These tests were carried out as part of a larger research program on the soil -structure interaction for pipelines lying on sandy seabeds. The described numerical model is currently employed in 3D DEM tests involving a plane strain section of an unburied pipeline (Figure 1) to investigate the lateral pipe-soil interaction for on-bottom pipelines subject to lateral buckling.
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