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WHY LANGUAGE HAS STRUCTURE: NEW EVIDENCE FROM STUDYING CULTURAL EVOLUTION IN THE LAB AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION

机译:为什么语言有结构:从实验室学习文化演变的新证据以及它对生物进化的意义

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Where do the characteristic design features of human language come from? In particular, how do we come to have a language that allows us to express novel utterances and have them reliably be understood? One answer is that this highly adaptive trait is simply an innately encoded feature of our biological endowment, tuned by natural selection under pressure for successful communication (e.g. Pinker & Bloom, 1990). In recent years, however, an alternative view has been set out that suggests language adapts not through a process of gradual biological evolution, but rather as a result of cultural evolution as it is transmitted in a population through repeated learning and use (e.g., Kirby, Dowman, & Griffiths, 2007). This process, known as iterated learning, can be studied in the lab by creating artificial languages and observing how they evolve as they are acquired and transmitted by experimental participants (Kirby, Cornish, & Smith, 2008).
机译:人类语言的特征设计特征来自哪里?特别是,我们如何具有一种允许我们表达新颖性声音并使其可靠地理解的语言?一个答案是,这种高度适应性的特征是我们生物学禀赋的天然编码特征,通过自然选择在成功的沟通压力下调整(例如Pinker&Bloom,1990)。然而,近年来,已经阐述了替代观点,这表明语言不通过逐渐生物进化的过程适应,而是由于文化演进,因为它通过反复学习和使用在人口中传播(例如,柯比,Dowman,&Griffiths,2007)。这种过程,称为迭代学习,可以通过创建人工语语和观察他们被实验参与者获得和传输的人工语言(Kirby,Cornish,&Smith,2008)来研究其在实验室中进行研究。

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