Modern tendencies of scientific migration in the Russian Federation

摘要

In this article we examine the modern trends and problems of scientific migration. Due to several socio-economic trends, that have taken place since 1990s and led to scientific immigration, Russian economic system lost a significant share of scientific capital. According to the statistics, the main factors of scientific migration were financial factors and better work conditions at the centers of scientists attraction. To develop and calibrate a dynamic model for scientific migration simulation we elaborated a data mining approach and different model functions to set the scientific migration dependence on wages and working conditions. According to the model idea, potential scientific migrants have the information on the difference of living and working conditions, and the information on scientific opportunities in both countries of origin and migration attraction. After the modeling description of the main drivers, the observed parameters are used at the main dynamic multi-factor equation. It is necessary to highlight, that scientific migration cannot be analyzed just from the point of view of economic effectiveness, this process also takes into account personal skills and preferences of scientists. For model development we analyze migration from the point of view of scientific mobility, which takes into account both brain drain, brain gain and brain sharing, as the main tendencies of the current stage of labor market development. Scientific migration is not purely a good or a bad phenomenon for the socio-economic system due to the recent social tendencies and increasing academic mobility. Because of scientific migration, labor market loses an amount of scientific potential, due to brain drain, and, at the same time, gets an increase in amount of scientific migrants, due to brain gain. So, the most effective phenomenon for economic growth is brain sharing, when well- qualified scientists have an opportunity to travel abroad, to improve their skills, and to stay involved, at the same time, into scientific projects at their main scientific organization.