In this paper, we will try to outline a few major questions that the design of artificial cognitive systems should tackle. The argumentation will be led from a philosophical point of view, reviewing some of the latest epistemological positions, namely from the 20th century. The notion of the thing-in-itself, i.e. the substantial core of an object, will be central in the discussion of abstraction in cognitive systems. A second important point is intentionality (in the philosophical sense): Doing something is always guided or biased by a task that is currently pursued. Last but not least the old question of symbol anchoring is to be posed. A preliminary system design for abstracting knowledge is shown that forms a possible implementation for tackling these aspects for the domain of robotic vision.
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