There has always been an element of cooperative research and management in the northeast; however, in the 1990s, we have seen an order of magnitude increase in collaborative research endeavors. As a direct effect, this has allowed greater reliance oncooperative management strategies as well. Therefore, we have seen two results from cooperative research and management that represent overarching change: an expansion of the entire data set for managing fisheries, and a fusion of cultures with the emergence of cultural translators in each of the three communities (science, management, and fishing).
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