We are developing an instrument to conduct molecular biological analyses below the ocean surface, autonomously. The device is known as the Environmental Sample Processor, or ESP. The system is based on a modular design consisting of a core sample processor (the ESP), analytical modules and sampling modules. The core ESP provides the primary interface between the environment and a set of DNA and antibody-based tests that are carried out onboard the instrument in real-time. In addition, the ESP can be used to archive samples for a variety of analyses after the instrument is returned to a laboratory. Sampling modules are devices external to the core ESP that can be added to meet specialized needs, such as operating in the deep-sea (etc). Analytical modules are conceived of as stand-alone devices that can be added to the core ESP to impart different suites of analytical functions downstream of common sample processing operations. At the time of this writing we have worked most extensively on the core ESP and detection chemistries that involve DNA probe and protein arrays. The ESP has been deployed successfully in coastal ocean surface waters. We are also developing a sample collection module and pressure housing suitable for deploying the ESP at depths to 1000m. This version of the instrument is known as the deep-sea ESP, or D-ESP. The long-term objective of the D-ESP program is to provide a molecular analytical capability at deep-sea hot vents and cold seeps. The D-ESP will be deployed using an ROV and later transitioned to benthic moorings and a cabled observatory. Finally, we are just starting work to incorporate a microfluidic analytical module to support assays that require DNA purification and amplification.
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