Physical Examination and Diagnostic Testing of Aquatic Animals_

摘要

Doing a physical examination on a fish or other aquatic animal has many similarities to other animals. A systematic approach should be used consistently to ensure that a thorough physical examination is performed. The approach can be head to toe, by organ system, or whatever else works best for the individual practitioner to ensure consistency. Learning normal from abnormal is important, just as in any other animals. Generally, aquatic animals are bilaterally symmetric. Any asymmetry should be reason for further investigation. A basic knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the animals being examined is important for interpretation of any abnormalities.