The propensity of Hemipteran pests to develop insecticide resistance is clear from the wealth of published works that document examples for almost all commercially available compounds. A number of species are primary targets of neonicotinoid insecticides that in some cases now constitute the predominant component of control regimes. It is therefore not surprising that resistance to this globally important chemical class is compromising efficacy in some cases. However, the number of species with economically significant resistance is still low given the length of time that neonicotinoids have been in use. To date, approximately 15 years since the commercial release of imidacloprid, only four species of crop pest represent significant resistance problems. One of these is the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), a Coleopteran with a long history of resistance development. The other three are Hemipterans; the tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), the glasshouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal).
展开▼
