Ammonia Volatilization Losses Following Irrigation of Liquid Swine Manure in Commercial Pine Plantations

摘要

Ammonia volatilization was measured after land application of liquid swine manure in a commercial pine forest in South Carolina. Three wind tunnels were constructed and used to measure ammonia volatilization after application. The fraction of ammonialost as percent of TAN applied was fitted to the function Y = a(1 - e~(kt)). The function represented the data with parameter a, the potential volatilization loss, and parameter K, a rate constant. The total amount of NH_3-N lost after irrigation of liquid swine manure varied from 0.38% to 3.6% of the TAN applied. The total ammonia lost was found to correlate significantly (R~2 = 0.950) with the mass of TAN applied per m~2 per application depth (g TAN/ m~2-mm) and with the total solids content of the manure. The average rate constant, K, for liquid swine manure applications with mean air temperature below 30 °C was 0.0125 min~(-1). At mean air temperatures of 32 °C, the rate constant increased to 0.0337 min~(-1) and was significantly different from other application events. Ammonia losses following irrigation of liquid swine manure were on the same order of magnitude as losses reported for other land application studies in which the manure was immediately incorporated.