In order to save energy and improve the carrying capacity, thinner plates are increasingly employed to produce modern vehicles. To assemble each component, the welding is widely used due to its advantages compared with other modern joining method. However, welding distortion is always one of the difficult problems in the manufacturing process. Among all kinds of welding distortion, buckling type welding distortion is the most critical mode compared with other types because of its instability and difficulty to correct. Although buckling type welding distortion is considered as the most complicated mode, the mechanism of buckling behavior can be investigated and some practical methods may be proposed to avoid buckling behavior or minimize the magnitude of buckling type welding distortion. Generally speaking, the distortion of thin plate structure caused by welding can be divided into in-plane and out-of-plane distortion. Welding shrinkage is the typical in-plane type. As for out-of-plane type of welding distortion, there are two different kinds: bending distortion and buckling distortion. Fig. 1 shows all the typical welding distortions of a thin plate butt joint. In particular, buckling distortion can take many different modes.
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