Valid models are needed for predicting total annoyance evoked by noises from several sources in the environment. Corresponding models are lacking for other health effects, for example, sleep disturbance, cardiovascular or behavioral effects [4].Total annoyance models are restricted to annoyance and should absolutely not be used for assessing other health effects.Notably, total annoyance models have simply adopted loudness psychophysics as being valid also for annoyance. This is unfortunate because annoyance have different meanings in laboratory experiments and field surveys [3]. For example, in the field theretrospective time window for annoyance is long-term, many confounders are tied to the living situation, and a person's noise sensitivity and attitudes influence annoyance [4]. Therefore, the goal of this review is to explicate theoretical and empiricalissues, particularly regarding the generalizability of total annoyance models for field applications.
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