Halamine Chemistry and Its Applications in Chemical and Biological Protective Materials

摘要

Halamine structures are referring to the chlorinated products of amide, imide, and amine bonds. Halamine compounds have been widely employed as disinfectants in swimming pools and consumer products due to their powerful oxidative functions and relative safe use performance. In recent years, halamine structures have found broad applications in biological and chemical decontaminating textile products. As oxidizing agents, N-halamine moieties are capable of oxidizing functional groups in cells which is vital for cell survival. The advantages of N-halamine-carrying materials include high biocidal efficiency, long-term stability, high durability, simple rechargeability and low toxicity with little environmental concern. Furthermore, active N-halamine structures can oxidize alcohols to ketones, sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones, as well as cyanides to carbon dioxide and ammonium in aqueous conditions. Previous studies demonstrated the detoxification ability of N-halamine-containing fabrics against certain carbamate pesticides and organophosphorus pesticides via oxidizing sulfide and thiophosphate groups, respectively. The successful deactivation of a sulfur mustard stimulant, chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), by N-halamine bound polystyrene beads was also reported. As a consequence, the functionalization with N-halamine moieties can offer an opportunity to achieve the chemical and biological protective functions for occupational uniforms. In this presentation, several halamine precursor monomers were grafted onto polypropylene by using a reactive extrusion process. The monomers, including diallylmelamine (DAM), 5-methyl-5-(4'-vinylphenyl) hydantoin (MVPH), 3-(4'-vinylbenzyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (VBDMH). The results of chlorine contents and biocidal functions are presented as well.