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Optimal Integration of Departures and Arrivals in Terminal Airspace

机译:终端空域出发和到达的最佳整合

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Coordination of operations with spatially and temporally shared resources, such as route segments, fixes, and runways, improves the efficiency of terminal airspace management. Problems in this category are, in general, computationally difficult compared to conventional scheduling problems. This paper presents a fast time algorithm formulation using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA). It was first applied to a test problem introduced in existing literature. An experiment with a test problem showed that new methods can solve the 20 aircraft problem in fast time with a 65% or 440 second delay reduction using shared departure fixes. In order to test its application in a more realistic and complicated problem, the NSGA algorithm was applied to a problem in LAX terminal airspace, where interactions between 28% of LAX arrivals and 10% of LAX departures are resolved by spatial separation in current operations, which may introduce unnecessary delays. In this work, three types of separations - spatial, temporal, and hybrid separations -were formulated using the new algorithm. The hybrid separation combines both temporal and spatial separations. Results showed that although temporal separation achieved less delay than spatial separation with a small uncertainty buffer, spatial separation outperformed temporal separation when the uncertainty buffer was increased. Hybrid separation introduced much less delay than both spatial and temporal approaches. For a total of 15 interacting departures and arrivals, when compared to spatial separation, the delay reduction of hybrid separation varied between 11% or 3.1 minutes and 64% or 10.7 minutes corresponding to an uncertainty buffer from 0 to 60 seconds. Furthermore, as a comparison with the NSGA algorithm, a First-Come-First-Serve based heuristic method was implemented for the hybrid separation. Experiments showed that the results from the NSGA algorithm have 9% to 42% less delay than the heuristic method with varied uncertainty buffer sizes.
机译:使用时空共享资源(例如航路段,航路和跑道)来协调操作,可以提高终端空域管理的效率。与常规调度问题相比,此类问题通常在计算上比较困难。本文提出了一种使用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA)的快速算法公式。它首先应用于现有文献中介绍的测试问题。一项带有测试问题的实验表明,新方法可以使用共享离场航点快速解决20架飞机的问题,并将延迟减少65%或440秒。为了测试其在更现实,更复杂的问题中的应用,将NSGA算法应用于LAX终端空域中的一个问题,该问题通过当前操作中的空间间隔解决了LAX到达的28%和LAX离开的10%之间的相互作用,这可能会引入不必要的延迟。在这项工作中,使用新算法制定了三种类型的分隔-空间分隔,时间分隔和混合分隔。混合分离结合了时间和空间分离。结果表明,尽管在不确定性缓冲区较小的情况下,时间分隔的延迟要小于空间分隔,但当不确定性缓冲区增加时,空间分隔的性能优于时间分隔。混合分离引入的延迟比空间和时间方法都少得多。与空间分隔相比,对于总共15个相互作用的出发和到达,混合分隔的延迟减少在11%或3.1分钟与64%或10.7分钟之间变化,对应于0到60秒的不确定性缓冲区。此外,作为与NSGA算法的比较,实现了基于First-Come-First-Serve的启发式方法进行混合分离。实验表明,与不确定性缓冲区大小不同的启发式方法相比,NSGA算法的结果延迟减少了9%至42%。

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