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Defensive Wayfinding: Incongruent Information in Route Following

机译:防御性寻路:路线跟踪中的信息不一致

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Extensive research has focused on what constitutes good route directions, identifying qualities such as the logical sequential ordering, the inclusion of landmarks, and ergonomic ways of referring to turns as critical to delivering cognitively adequate instructions. In many cases, however, people are not actually provided with route directions adhering to these qualities. Yet, often people are still able to successfully navigate to the planned destinations, despite poor or even erroneous direction giving. In this paper, we introduce the concept of defensive wayfinding as the particular type of problem solving people undertake when presented with route directions incongruent with their experience of the environment. We present a systematic investigation of the incompatibilities that may occur between route descriptions and the environment. We note that the content of route directions is produced by the direction giver based on observations of the environment. We develop a classification of the impacts of uncertainty in these observations based on the theory of measurement scales of Stevens. We then relate uncertainty to its impact on route following and the ability of the wayfinder to detect problems during wayfinding. We conclude with a discussion of the impacts of common-sense expectations on the need to engage in defensive wayfinding.
机译:广泛的研究集中在什么构成良好的路线方向,识别诸如逻辑顺序排序,地标的包含以及将转弯视为对提供足够的认知指令至关重要的人机工程学方法等方面。但是,在许多情况下,实际上并没有为人们提供遵循这些特质的路线指示。然而,尽管指示方向不佳甚至是错误的,人们仍然仍然能够成功导航到计划的目的地。在本文中,我们引入防御性寻路的概念,因为当人们遇到与他们的环境经验不符的路线指示时,他们会采取特殊的问题解决方式。我们对路线描述和环境之间可能出现的不兼容性进行了系统的调查。我们注意到路线指示的内容是由指示者基于对环境的观察而产生的。我们基于史蒂文斯的测量标度理论,对这些观测结果中的不确定性影响进行了分类。然后,我们将不确定性与其对路线跟踪的影响以及寻路器在寻路过程中发现问题的能力相关联。最后,我们讨论了常识性期望对进行防御性寻路的影响。

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