Driving Behavior in case of Emergency Situations: A Psycho-spacing Modeling Approach

摘要

Emergency situations have a large impact on society. Simulation software packages have beendeveloped aiming to simulate traffic flow operations in case of these situations. However, itis not yet clear which adaptation effects in empirical longitudinal driving behavior can be observed.Furthermore, it is not yet clear to what extent these adaptation effects in case of emergencysituations are represented in current car-following models. To this aim a driving simulatorexperiment intending to induce longitudinal driving behavior under emergency conditions wasperformed. Longitudinal driving behavior was measured through registered behavior in the drivingsimulator and analyzed using a Multivariate Analysis of Variance. So-called action pointsin psycho-spacing models were estimated using a new data analysis technique. Also accelerationas well as 'jumps' in acceleration at action points were determined using a MultivariateRegression Analysis. The results show that substantial and significant adaptation effects in longitudinaldriving behavior can be observed in case of an emergency situation. Furthermore, theresults show substantial differences in the position of action points in the (Dv; s) plane in thepsycho-spacing model between normal driving conditions and emergency conditions as well assubstantial differences in acceleration and 'jumps' in acceleration at these action points. Thecontribution is concluded with a discussion section as well as recommendations for future research.