The authors summarize a speaker adaptation algorithm based on codebook mapping from one speaker to a standard speaker. This algorithm has been developed to be useful in various kinds of speech recognition systems such as hidden-Markov-model-based, feature-based, and neural-network-based systems. The codebook mapping speaker adaptation algorithm has been much improved by introducing several ideas based on fuzzy vector quantization. This fuzzy codebook mapping algorithm is also applicable to voice conversion between arbitrary speakers.
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