Travel Behaviour of Heterogeneous Users in Road Pricing Problem

摘要

Road pricing is one of the market-based policy instruments having influence on the travel behaviour of users. In this paper the question how will different user groups react on different tolls imposed by the road authority is addressed. The interaction between the travellers and the road authority can be seen as a non-cooperative, nonzero sum game, (N+1) player game. Classical utility maximisation theory is used to capture travel behaviour including route choice and elastic demand. Different game concepts (monopoly, Stackelberg and Cournot, respectively) are analysed showing that Steckelberg game is the most realistic game. Three game types are applied to two different user groups (with low and with high value of time) on a simplistic demand-supply network showing differences in travel behaviour between users.