Numerical simulation of compression of a toner layer in electrophotography transfer subsystem is carried out based on DEM (Distinct Element Method) to study hollow defects in the middle of line images. It is shown that pressure-strain relation of compressed toner layer is characterized by two linear regous and that the relation correlates with aspect ratio of toner layer. Validity of simulated results is confirmed by the agreement with experimental results. The simulated results of compression and transfer of toner layers show that the defects can be explained as poor transfer resulting from the increase of attractive force due to plastic deformation of toner particles under high pressure.
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