Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques of Microstrip Antenna: A Technical Review

摘要

Recently, in designing a good microstrip patch antenna for different wireless applications, researchers have been focusing on the best techniques used in improving gain, directivity, and bandwidth of an antenna. This paper, we have presented state-of-the-art and potential demand of the low profile microstrip antenna. Further, we have overviewed various techniques which have been employed to improve the performance particularly gain and bandwidth of the microstrip antenna. Various techniques in improving gain and bandwidth have been investigated, which include the use of feeding, parasitic patch, defective ground structure, air gap, slot, shorting pin, metamaterial, and a dielectric substrate. The different performance characteristics have been illustrated using the impendence matching network, miniaturization techniques, and patch geometry modification. This paper provides a review showing the performance characteristics using various methods, and their performance characteristics were compared in terms of percentage improvement of gain and bandwidth so that the best option can be selected for various applications.