A study on noninvasive method for meaturing and evaluating cardiac reserve of athletes

摘要

It has been reported that a wide variety of changes occur in the heart of conditioned athlete and must be appreciated. These changes are manifested in various aspects, including morphologic, physiological, electro-physiological, phonocardiographic, etc. Dynamic or isotonic conditioning (running, swimming, cycling, etc.) leads to an increase in left ventricular volume and thickness of the left ventricular wall, while static or isometric training (weight lifting, etc.) leads to an increase in left ventricular mass and wall thickness without ventricular dilatation. In practice, most trained athletes exhibit some overlap between these two patterns of cardiac adaptation. Sinus bradycardia is the rule in the trained athlete. The combination of the slow rate and large chambers leads to an increase in stroke volume. The physical examination of trained athletes shows many with systolic ejection murmurs, third heart sounds and lateral displacement of the cardiac apical impulse. A variety of arrhythmias and electrocardiographic changes are encountered. The existing methods for evaluating the cardiac reverse of a athlete are mostly involved in heart rate reserve. As far as the author knows, there has not been a practical method for evaluating the cardiac contractility reserve.