Critical infrastructural systems are complex systems of systems (SoS). Taking a SoS perspective of largescalerninfrastructural development can be beneficial in better understanding the inherent problems ofrnemergent complexity. SoS is a relatively new term that is being applied primarily to addressing largernscale inter-disciplinary developmental challenges with multiple, heterogeneous, and distributed networkcentricrnsystems. A large-scale infrastructural system can be hierarchically structured from its buildingrnblocks to higher multi-levels of network. An infrastructural SoS is usually developed in evolutionaryrnstages integrating existing systems with upgraded or extended systems. Complex infrastructural systemsrnare non-monolithic and they share certain common characteristics which can be developed into a set ofrndiscriminators to develop a framework for SoS engineering management addressing issues in anrnevolutionary planning and staged development, stakeholder management and leadership for complexrnsystems integration. The framework is then used to compare with and appreciate the observedrncharacteristics of real-world major infrastructural development using Singapore-based case examples.
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