Universal Gas Breakdown Theory from Microscale to the Classical Paschen Law

摘要

in the analytic equations for breakdown voltage shows the transition from the field emission dominated regime to the coupled field-emission-Townsend regime to the classical Paschen law, where the conventional criterion for Townsend avalanche is satisfied. Thus, this study provides a universal breakdown model for any gas, pressure, and gap distance (between the electron mean free path and Meek's criterion) to aid system design and optimization.