parallel gravity from the 9 planet problem to billions and billions

摘要

The obith of any one planet depends on the combined motion of all the planets, not to mention the actions of all these on each other. To consider simultaneously all these causes of motion and to define these motions by exact laws allowing of convenient calculation exceeds, unless I am mistaken, the forces of the entire humnan intellect. -Isaac Newton 1687 Epochal surveys are throwing down the gauntlet for cosmological simulation. We describe three keys to meeting the challenge of N-body simulation: adaptive potenial solvers, adaptive integrations and volume renormalization. With these techniques and a dedicated Teraflop facility, simulation can stay even with observation of the Universe.