Excreta disposal in emergencies:the use of bag systems in challenging urban contexts

摘要

While anecdotes of approaches to sanitation in complex urban humanitarian response exist, there is arnneed for research and development to mainstream emerging technologies to meet the challenges. Inrnresponse to the wide-spread devastation and mass internal displacement caused by the January 12, 2010rnearthquake in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Oxfam GB trialled standard bag and Peepoo excreta disposalrnsystems in two IDP settlements. Trial results demonstrated that both bag types are viable excretarndisposal options. Based on these positive results, bag excreta disposal methodologies were furtherrnstudied in additional IDP settlements in Port-au-Prince to create key programmatic recommendationsrnincluding a six-step methodology for contingency planning for disaster-prone areas. Further research isrnstill needed into the cost effectiveness and phase-out points for bag excreta disposal systems.