BIOENERGY IN UKRAINE: STATE OF THE ART AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT

摘要

Ukraine has good preconditions for the dynamic development of bioenergy sector. The main drivers forthis are permanent rise in prices of traditional energy carriers, first of all natural gas, and big potential of biomassavailable for energy production. The economic potential is estimated at 19-23 mtoe/yr, and it depends mainly on theannual yield of agricultural crops. Existing law on biofuels and the law on green tariff supports the introduction ofbioenergy technologies for heat and power production. Nevertheless existing legislation needs further improvement.One of the serious barriers for bioenergy development in Ukraine is distortion of natural gas prices for some kinds ofconsumers. The price for population and communal services is artificially low that renders it impossible to introducebioenergy technologies in these sectors. Establishment of the market price of natural gas for all kinds of consumers isa necessary precondition for large-scale substitution of natural gas by biomass. National targets on energy productionfrom biomass must be stated in an official document like Biomass Action Plan. We consider the following targets tobe real: 1% of the total energy consumption at the expense of biomass in 2010 (that is equivalent to consumption ofabout 1.4 mtoe), 5% in 2020, and 10% in 2030.