Since their introduction, structured overlays have been used as an important substrate for many peer-to-peer applications. In a structured peer-to-peer overlay, each node maintains a partial list of other nodes in the system, and these partial lists together form an overlay topology that satisfies certain structural properties (e.g., a ring). Various system conditions, such as node joins and leaves, message delays and network partitions, affect overlay topology, so overlay topology should adjust itself appropriately to maintain structural properties. Topology maintenance is crucial to the correctness and the performance of applications built on top of the overlay.
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