A Deontic Logic of Actions and States

摘要

Deontic considerations are usually conducted in one of the following contexts: (ⅰ) general norms expressed in: legal documents, regulations or implicitly present in society in the form of moral or social rules; (ⅱ) specific norms, i.e., duties of particular agents in particular situations. Norms of the two kinds refer to obligatory, permitted and forbidden actions or states. In the paper we start from presenting a simple deontic logic of actions and a simple deontic logic of states. Then we combine them to provide a unified logic of general norms. Finally, we discuss the way in which specific norms can be introduced into the system.