Multimedia Chemical Exposure Screenign with a Toxicity-Activated Biosensor

摘要

A cytochrome P450 (CYP) based screening device is described that uses a simple color development process to detect exposure to a number of hazardous chemicals. In general, the device detects oxidized intermediates that are believed to be common in initial carcinogenesis or endocrine disruption effects. Chemical agents which have been detected include heavy metals usch as Cd(II), Hg(II), Cr(VI), Ni deg and Ni(II); polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and benzene; phenolics; aldehydes and epoxides; vinyl/acrylic monomers; asbestos and other toxic mineral dusts; halogenated pesticides and herbices, etc., at sensitivities generally appropriate to their toxicities. This study presents results of laboratory and field tests of prototype units to multimedia chemical exposures. Controlled vapor exposures to ten organic compounds of varying toxicities demonstrate reciprocity in exposure response - HIgher concentrations trigger color development at shorter times than do lower vapor concentrations of the same substance. Liquid solution exposure tests to the same compounds reveal similar toxicity and sensitivity correlations. Particulate dusts and aerosols elicit locally enhanced color development similar to a "measles" pattern which often spread during archiving. Results of biosensor prototype tests are reported for laboratory decontamination of hazardous chemical agents, and field studies at residential sites in connection with aerial pesticide spraying and municipal waste managment activities.