The stress-strain responses of a metallic bellows under static and impact loading were studied by means of strain measurement and finite-element simulations. It was found that the simulated strain responses agree well with the measured ones, and a finite element model that considers the elasto-plastic deformation and the geometric nonlinearity can accurately simulate the mechanical behavior of a bellows with a very thin shell under static and dynamic loading. The analysis results showed that the inner corrugations endure higher stresses than the outer corrugations. Under impact loading, the corrugations near the ends of the bellows have larger stresses than the other corrugations. In addition, by comparing the stress analyzed by FEM and that calculated by the Kellogg formula generally used in the design of bellows, it was found that the Kellogg formula underestimates the maximum stress in the bellows.
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